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Abstract
Education is an essential tool in developing a nation and an opportunity that every child 
needs to utilize at a young age for the purpose of establishing themselves and their 
communities. This research aims to encourage the teacher to engage in the use of 
monologue and Dialogue in transmitting knowledge to their students, which will also 
create the room of learner and teacher relationship as a means of quick transfer of 
knowledge. This paper identified the causes of poor use of monologs and Dialog in 
educational setups as inadequate training of educators, lack of infrastructures and 
equipment for training educators, poor curriculum design, and lack of parental guidance 
for children. The research also exploits the valuable means by which one can use 
monologs and Dialog to enhance quality of education in the society. This research used 
descriptive method. 

 Keywords: Monologue, Dialogue, Education, Sustainable Instrument, Effectiveness  

Introduction
Education is the bedrock of every nation, a lacey to generation after generation 

from their parents. The situation of our present-day schools in Nigeria is in a severe 
deplorable state to the extent there is known teacher-student relationship anymore, and 
this has made learning challenging for a student from primary to the university. The 
motivation for this research is a result of a teacher who hit his student for correcting him 
over what he wrote on the board, and the student was rushed to the hospital for treatment 
due to the brutal hit from her teacher. Some present-day teachers do not apply monolog 
and Dialog in their teaching and relating with the students, resulting from the 
abovementioned issue. Monologues and dialogue remain the best method of transmitting 
learning to the student. This method has been tested and proven to be the best approach in 
educational technics to sustain and communicate the learning process to the student to 
achieve the desirable golds in the educational setup. To achieve success in education, the 
government and the teachers must ensure that teachers know monologs and Dialog from 
primary to the university. Should includeMonolog and Dialog in the curriculum for the 
teachers in training at both primary and university levels. Monologs and Dialog are easy 
ways to communicate with students by telling them what to do and what not to do. 
According to Taylor (1966:87), “many educators are unaware of these barriers and 
untrained in knowing what to do about them. A part of their inability concerning barriers 

MONOLOGUE AND DIALOGUE AS A SUSTAINABLE INSTRUMENT 
FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING IN NIGERIA SCHOOLS   

Orimsan Agboifo PhD
Baptist College of Theology, Benin City.

Department of Education.
And

Augusta Ainerhonmiton
Baptist College of Theology, Benin City.

Department of Education.

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stems from their monological conception and practice of communication”. Without good 
communication, it is difficult for the student-teacher relationship to take place. They gave 
students notes to copy on the board or material to read, like the university is not the best 
way to sustain education without using monologs and Dialog.

CONCEPT MONOLOGUE VS DIALOGUE IN EDUCATION.
The monologue is a long speech of a person in a play, sometimes a soliloquy. An 

educational monolog is the process of a teacher talking for a long time which is also seen 
as a play with the features of different characters being displayed by one person in an 
attempt to transmit learning to the student through communication. Teachers are the 
leading players in determining to teach and learn in any school, and they design the 
curriculum in a way that helps both the teacher and the learner. Mangal (2013.170) 
defines learning according to Henry Smith (1962) "Learning is the acquisition of new 
behaviour or the strengthening or weakening of old behaviour as the result of 
experience." Based on the definition above, monologs must be explored to acquire new 
behaviour in the learning process because they should guide the student on what to do 
through communication. Eduwen (2003. 1) opined that learning is considered the 
apparent modification of a person's behaviour through his activities and experiences so 
that his knowledge of his environment is changed, more or less permanently". Omatseye 
(2004. 109) observed that "learning is generally considered to both a process and an 
outcome of a lifelong activity intended to modify the behaviour of the individual to enable 
him to cope and adapt to the demands of his environment." It is why monologue in 
education is critical in enhancing the change desired by teachers from the student. 
Behaviour is one of the key factors in changing students through observation and 
studying their characters. 

Dialogue in education is a conversation or discourse between two or more 
individuals. It is another meaningful way of sustaining education from the primary to the 
university, and it is also a tool to help learners. There is a known way effective learning 
can occur without communication between the teachers and students. Omoruyi (2001. 
181) observe that “extension education is essentially a process of communication of ideas 
and skills between and among people. It includes transferring technical information from 
its source to the client or the point where it is intended". It is the most reason why Dialog is 
crucial because it helps to transfer communication; send the real message of the teacher to 
the learner for proper understanding of any subject or lesson to the recipient. This work 
will employ the descriptive method because it will explain how the researcher will carry 
out this work and how it will benefit the readers. It will also suggest ways to use 
monologue and dialogue to transmit learning in education to this contemporary student 
from primary to the university.

CAUSES OF POOR MONOLOGUE VS DIALOGUE IN EDUCATION
Monologs and Dialog are effective weapons in transmitting learning if adequately used. 
The inability to use it brings poor education in the following dimensions.

1. Poor educational Training of Educators
Education is the light of every nation and individual if adequately applied to every sector 
of life and situation in and around us. The standard of education in this country is inferior 
due to not using monologs and Dialog in transmitting teaching and learning in schools, 

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including universities. Based on this poor performance from the transmitters of learning 
in the schools, there is an excellent diminishing retune of poor performances of the 
student in apprehending the basic tenet of studies to the natural course of going to school 
in the application to meet the standard of the society. When the teachers are not well 
groomed in their area of specialization, it always produces negative output from the 
receiver. Educators can only deliver what they have, either positive or negative, and this 
has to do with the builders of the curriculum used to transmit learning to the educators 
before they can also become an educator.

2. Poor Curriculum design for Educators        
Lawrence (1977, 1) The Oxford Dictionary defines curriculum as "a course, especially a 
regular course of studies such as a school or university." Supporting the view above, 
Omatseye stated, “Curriculum is considered to be the total interaction of pupils and 
teacher rather than a program of studies." The curriculum design for the teacher who is in 
tune and will teach in the schools from primary to university should include monologue 
and dialogue to assist them when they start teaching. The curriculum builders should 
consist of monologs and Dialog into it to enable the teachers in training to know what 
monologs and Dialog are, their meaning, and usage of it when and how they should be 
applied in the classroom for the students. The manual design for the teacher does not 
include monologs and Dialog; this has affected the teacher's building relationship with 
their students, and it could lead to the teacher hitting students, failing them in their 
examines, and the student on their part withdrawing from school as a result of lack of 
monolog and Dialog.

3. Lack of infrastructure and equipment for training educators 
Infrastructural development and equipment in training teachers are critical in school. Not 
having them is like not having the human resources to work in an organization for onward 
success. It has made many school teachers lack what to do and how to do it before and 
after training. Infrastructural development and equipment can fast rack learning process 
if they are fined for use by the teachers. The government is responsible for providing this 
equipment to enhance the training of the trainers of schools. Most of our schools, if not all, 
lack infrastructure and equipment, which has contributed to the half-bridge of teacher in 
our school today, leaving the student undeveloped and preparing to face the future and 
become who they want to be and what society want from them.   

4. Lack of Parental guidance for schoolchildren
Parents/guardians are the necessary factors in enhancing education in the nation. When 
parents/guardians who are supposed to be the helping factors in education are not learned, 
it becomes complicated to encourage others or their children to be serious in their 
schooling. Many parents do not care about the school welfare of their children, and they 
contribute little or no to their children's education, which has discouraged children from 
going to school. Poor parenting hinders good monolog and Dialog in sustaining education 
in the nation. Education is an all-rounder; children learn from home to school and from 
school to the house because education is informer former and non-former; this is why 
education is a circle; it starts from the parent and ends with the parent. 

BENEFIT OF MONOLOGUE VS DIALOGUE IN EDUCATION
There are tremendous benefits of monologs and Dialog in transmitting learning to 
students if adequately used by teachers. To this, the rewriter will discuss the usefulness of 

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monologs and Dialog in education.
1. Monolog vs. Dialog as a communication tool for transmitting education.

John and Don (2009, 181), in Griffin (1993), “See communication as sharing messages, 
ideas or attitudes that produce a degree of understanding between a sender and a receiver. 
It implies an attempt to share meaning by transmitting messages among people”. 
Supporting the view above, Jerry (2001, 12) states, "Communication in teaching, 
learning and practice the art of using words well and strive to avoid words and actions that 
put others down even when they disagree with the method." Communication using 
monologs and Dialog is essential to achieve success in education. It will help the teacher, 
who is the sender, to prepare the message that the receiver who is the student, receives and 
utilize it to their benefit. Through this process, teaching and learning will be effective in 
schools. Omoruyi (2008, 128) opines, "Communication can be considered or viewed as a 
process of sending information, idea or simply, symbols from one person to another." 
Casey observes that communication enables you to get the masses involved with what 
you are doing".

2. Monolog vs. Dialog as means for Creativity in education  
  Education is not all about theories but practical. Today's student knows nothing more 
than theory, which is the wrong approach to teaching and learning from primary to 
university. This is because the suitable method, monolog, and Dialog, is not used. 
Teachers who are the sender and curriculum developer are not creative in their education 
career, and the same knowledge is being passed or transferred to the student who is the 
receiver of the message the teacher sends remains uncreative. Ayo-Obiremi (2016, 22) 
states, "Creative is often described as a quality of a person. However, creativity is more a 
quality of ideas, behaviors, or products and can be developed”. Mangal (2013, 333) 
asserted that “Creativity is the capacity of a person to produce compositions, product or 
ideas which are essentially new or novel and previously unknown to the producer." 
Students need to be creative in their areas of study as a proof to what the teacher has taught 
them. Considering today's studies, it is more theories than practical, which does not 
characterize a good learning outcome for society. Mangal (2013, 337)Furthermore, 
"cannot separate creativity from intelligence, intelligence or creativity can function 
independently, and creativity involves divergent rather than convergent thinking used in 
demonstrating intelligence." But creativity cannot be separated from individual 
intelligence."

3. Monolog vs. Dialog as a factor for enhancing Interpersonal Relationships 
There is nothing like a good relationship. It is a means of transmitting learning between 
teacher and student and helps the students to be teachable. When a student is teachable, 
there is a spirit taking correction and instruction from someone else. According to Olaleye 
(2010; 26), "Every follower should see himself as a learner and not a learned. To be a 
follower is to be ready to take instructions from your leader". In this case, students see 
their teacher as a leader, mentor, and guide through monolog and Dialog to transmit 
teaching and learning. Charles (2021; 59) opined, “Interpersonal factor refers to the 
relationship that individuals develop with significant persons or persons in their 
environment." Only (1996; 237-238), "For a student to learn and internalize a new 
behaviour must put him through several experiences which support and reinforce each 
other. This involves careful consideration of two kinds of relationships between a 
learning experience.  

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4. Monolog vs. Dialog as a means of practical curriculum evaluation
Flordeliza (2000,25) states, "Evaluation is a systematic process of determining the extent 
to which ." the learning achieves educational objectives Ughamadu (1998;83) says that " 
if we have education as a process which seeks to change the behaviour of students in the 
direction of objectives considered desirable, then an evaluation may be conceived as the 
process of determining the nature and extent of these change in the behaviour of students 
after being exposed to a particular curriculum." Lawrance (1977;100) observed that in 
measurement-based evaluation, it is argued that the goal functionality is to enable the 
development of criteria-based rather than criteria-based tests. Norm-related tests show 
how an individual compares to a group. Criterion-referenced-referenced tests tell us how 
an individual performs concerning a standard". Omoruyi (2001; 198) defined "evaluation 
as the organizer of the program assess the progress of the program and findings arising 
from this observation is used to take vital decision bordering on adopting, readjusting or 
eliminating the program." Students need to be evaluated to ascertain the amount of 
knowledge acquired from the subject taught by the teacher and to know how effectively 
the teacher has transmitted learning by using monologs and Dialog. One of the best ways 
to carry out a standard evaluation is through monolog and Dialog because it helps get 
feedback from the student by communicating through different means, and it will also 
help the teachers change their teaching method and relate well with the student.

5. Monolog vs. Dialog a sustainable instrument for education.
According to Charles (2021), Sustainable development is the process of 
developing countries, cities, communities, and businesses, contingent on 
meeting the needs of the present without jeopardizing the ability of future 
generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development requires 
improved living conditions for all people without overutilizing natural 
resources beyond the level of the planet's carrying capacity. One of the 
sustainable development's most critical challenges is eradicating poor 
religious leadership. Sustainability can mean different things, but 
sometimes contradictory for economists, environmentalists, lawyers, and 
philosophers. So it seems that the consensuses between the views of those 
are elusive.

Monolog and Dialog are another way of sustaining education in present-day learning 
because it helps to bring out the beauty in education as a means of transmitting 
knowledge. Curriculum and other means can be indeed, but of what use is all of that 
without communication in the system. can sustain school through monolog and Dialog? 
The government and all agencies observe this in the educational body to enhance an 
excellent sustainable education in the nation. All standards must sustain rudiments of 
teaching and learning to achieve the desirable gold required and pass it to the next 
generation as a legacy that must continue for the upcoming people to have a strong base.    

6. Monolog and Dialog as a means of building confidence  
There is a great challenge for the upcoming students regarding self-confidence. Today's 
students must build confidence in themselves to defend what they have been taught in 
school and stand up to their responsibility and Creativity. Your level of degree with self-
confidence cannot compel you. For instance, a first degree cannot sputter despite the 
degree because lack of confidence is the primary limiting factor. The use of monologs and 

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Dialog can help curb a lack of self-confidence. Omoruyi (2001, 37) states that “self-
reliance stipulates the need for people to take their destiny into their hands as a means of 
ensuring genuine development for themselves and their community ."Concerning 
development, self-reliance demands that the student apply knowledge and skills in 
exploring the resources at their disposal to promote their product in their community or 
state.

 
Recommendations:
   Based on this research, the writer recommends as follow:

1. To see monolog and Dialog as means of communication in schools from primary 
to university to build self-confidence in our area of study and stand to defend our 
work publicly. 

2. The government and other educational agencies made in their curriculum of the 
trained teacher the use of monologs and Dialog to demonstrate in classrooms and 
other places it was meaningful.

3. Students are creative in their areas of study to defend careers through which they 
can sustain education and revive the dilapidating society.

4. Parents/ guardians are to assist their children in having a better education by 
providing the basic needs for their school children and also help in assisting their 
communication gap by using monologs and Dialog. 

Conclusion
Education is vital in building society; this will enable the nation to rise to an enviable 
position for the betterment of individuals. If educators apply the rudiments of 
education like monolog and Dialog in teaching the students, education will be 
comfortable and in tune; they will represent the nation reasonably, which befits the 
nation's standard. Monolog and Dialog can sustain education if applied well because 
they will help build interpersonal relationships between teacher and student and 
between students to a student.      

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ISSN: 2786-9792



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